The treatments for bloating have not been standardized and there is no evidence-based algorithm. 1- 4 However bloating could occur alone without associated diseases and there has been not enough data of randomized controlled trials for treatment of bloating alone. In addition, patients who complain of bloating tend to have IBS or functional dyspepsia (FD), thus most of the therapeutic approaches of abdominal bloating are based on the treatments of IBS and FD. As the underlying mechanism of bloating remains elusive to date, there are few evidences for diagnostic and therapeutic options available. The possible causes of bloating are various and complicated, thus intestinal gas production and transit, gut microflora and hypersensitivity of the patient's gut might be the factors for the symptom generation. Therefore clinicians need to be more considerate when evaluating patients with abdominal bloating. Despite being one of the frequent and bothersome complaints, bloating remains incompletely understood of all the symptoms. Many clinicians encounter the patients' complaints such as "too much gas in abdomen," "heavy and uncomfortable feeling in abdomen" and "full belly." The severity of bloating is varied from mild discomfort to severe, and it is one of the bothersome symptoms of the patients, affecting their quality of life.
This symptom is very common in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) as well as in patients with organic disorders. Bloating is one of the most common gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, which is a frequent complaint in the patients of all ages.
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